MonsterWM兼谈 Linux 桌面最小化及定制

name: inverse layout: true class: center, middle, inverse — # MonsterWM
-- 兼谈 Linux 桌面最小化及定制

~toy

2013.8.10
---
layout: false
## 个人简介

- 网名：Toy

- 真名：徐小东

- 2005：GNU/Linux 用户

- 2006：创办 Linuxtoy.org

- 2008：Gentoo 用户

- 2013：在乐看网工作
---
layout: false
## 三个使用阶段

- 传统桌面：开箱即用/不够灵活

![gnome](img/gnome.png)
![kde](img/kde.png)
![xfce](img/xfce.png)

- 轻量级窗口管理器：轻快灵活/多需配置

![fluxbox](img/fluxbox.png)
![openbox](img/openbox.png)

- 动态平铺式窗口管理器：做好本职/重塑习惯

![awesome](img/awesome.png)
![i3](img/i3.png)
![dwm](img/dwm.png)
---
layout: false
## 窗口管理的方法学

- 堆栈式：窗口重叠/内容遮挡/鼠标操纵

[![stack](img/stack-thumb.png)](img/stack.png)
---
layout: false
## 窗口管理的方法学

- 平铺式：一目了然/省心省力/键盘操控

[![tile](img/tile-thumb.png)](img/tile.png)
---
layout: false
## 终极选择

- MonsterWM + Bar + Dmenu + Feh + Scripts

[![monsterwm](img/monsterwm-thumb.png)](img/monsterwm.png)
---
layout: false
## 选择理由

- 极度轻量级

- 动态平铺管理窗口

- 无需鼠标，全键盘控制

- 多种预设布局

  - 平铺 Tile

  - 底栈 Bottom stack

  - 网格 Grid

  - 全屏 Monocle

  - 浮动 Float

- 多显示器支持
---
layout: false
## 桌面组件

- 窗口管理器 - MonsterWM

  - 管理窗口位置
  
  - 调整窗口大小 

  - 窗口边框及标题栏

- 任务栏 - Bar + Scripts

  - 启动应用

  - 切换桌面

  - 系统托盘

  - 状态信息

- 文件管理器 - URxvt

- 会话管理及其他
---
layout: false
## MonsterWM 安装

- 准备依赖：libX11

```bash
# apt-get install libx11-dev # Debian/Ubuntu
# yum install libX11-devel   # Fedora
# pacman -S libx11           # Arch Linux
# emerge libX11              # Gentoo
```

- 获取源码

```bash
% git clone https://github.com/c00kiemon5ter/monsterwm.git
```

- 编辑配置

```bash
% cd monsterwm
% cp config.def.h config.h
% vim config.h
```

- 编译安装

```bash
% make
# make install
```
---
layout: false
## MonsterWM 配置

- 修饰键

```c
#define MOD1            Mod1Mask    /* ALT key */
#define MOD4            Mod4Mask    /* Super/Windows key */
#define CONTROL         ControlMask /* Control key */
#define SHIFT           ShiftMask   /* Shift key */

```

- 一般设置

```c
#define MASTER_SIZE     0.52
#define SHOW_PANEL      True      /* show panel by default on exec */
#define TOP_PANEL       True      /* False means panel is on bottom */
#define PANEL_HEIGHT    13        /* 0 for no space for panel, thus no panel */
#define DEFAULT_MODE    BSTACK    /* initial layout/mode: TILE MONOCLE BSTACK GRID FLOAT */
#define BORDER_WIDTH    2         /* window border width */
#define FOCUS           "#956d9d" /* focused window border color    */
#define UNFOCUS         "#222222" /* unfocused window border color  */
#define INFOCUS         "#9c3885" /* focused window border color on unfocused monitor */
#define MINWSZ          50        /* minimum window size in pixels  */
#define DESKTOPS        4         /* number of desktops - edit DESKTOPCHANGE keys to suit */
```

- 常用应用

```c
static const char *termcmd[] = { "urxvtc",   NULL };
```
---
layout: false
## MonsterWM 配置

- 预设桌面

```c
static const AppRule rules[] = { \
    /*  class     desktop  follow  float */
    { "Dwb",        -1,    True,   False },
    { "Firefox",     1,    True,   False },
    { "Gimp",        2,    True,   True },
};

```

_Tip_：`xprop` 可获得应用的 class 名。

- 习惯按键

```c
static Key keys[] = {
/* modifier          key            function           argument */
{  MOD4,             XK_b,          togglepanel,       {NULL}},
{  MOD4,             XK_BackSpace,  focusurgent,       {NULL}},
{  MOD1|SHIFT,       XK_c,          killclient,        {NULL}},
{  MOD1,             XK_j,          next_win,          {NULL}},
{  MOD1,             XK_k,          prev_win,          {NULL}},
{  MOD1,             XK_h,          resize_master,     {.i = -10}}, /* decrease size in px */
{  MOD1,             XK_l,          resize_master,     {.i = +10}}, /* increase size in px */
{  MOD1,             XK_o,          resize_stack,      {.i = -10}}, /* shrink   size in px */
{  MOD1,             XK_p,          resize_stack,      {.i = +10}}, /* grow     size in px */
{  MOD1|CONTROL,     XK_h,          rotate,            {.i = -1}},
```
---
layout: false
## 最佳拍档 

- Bar：状态栏

_安装_：

```bash
% git clone https://github.com/LemonBoy/bar.git
% cd bar
% cp config.def.h config.h
% vim config.h
% make
# make install
```

_配置_：

```c
#define BAR_HEIGHT  13
#define BAR_UNDERLINE 1
#define BAR_UNDERLINE_HEIGHT 2
#define BAR_BOTTOM 0
#define BAR_FONT       "-*-ohsnap.icons-medium-r-*-*-11-*-*-*-*-*-*-*","-*-ohsnap-medium-r-*-*-11-*-*-*-*-*-*-*"
#define COLOR0  0x1A1A1A /* background */
#define COLOR1  0xA9A9A9 /* foreground */
#define COLOR2  0x222222
#define COLOR3  0x8E5C4E
#define COLOR4  0x6C7E55
#define COLOR5  0xB89F63
#define COLOR6  0x7FB8D8
```
---
layout: false
## 最佳拍档 

- Mobar：启动脚本

```bash
#!/bin/bash

ff="/tmp/monsterwm.fifo"
[[ -p $ff ]] || mkfifo -m 600 "$ff"

# desktop names
ds=("º dev" "© www" "¦ gfx" "Ï etc")

# layout names
ms=("þ" "û" "ü" "ú" "ý")

while read -t 1 -r wmout || true; do
  if [[ $wmout =~ ^(([[:digit:]]+:)+[[:digit:]]+ ?)+$ ]]; then
    read -ra desktops <<< "$wmout" && unset r
    for desktop in "${desktops[@]}"; do
      IFS=':' read -r d w m c u <<< "$desktop"
      ((c)) && fg="\\f7" i="${ms[$m]}" || fg="\\f9"
      r+="$fg${ds[$d]} \\f9 "
    done
    r="${r%*}"
  fi
  printf "\\\l%s\\\r%s\n" "$r\\f4$i" "\\f8ê \\f3$(nowplaying) \\f8Ñ \\f4$(cpu) \\f8Æ \\f4$(mem) \\f8Ý \\f7$(net down) \\f8Ü \\f7$(net) \\f8­ \\f7$(wifi) \\f8Ì \\f5$(gmail) \\f8ð \\f5$(batter) \\f8í \\f5$(volume) \\f8· \\f1$(date +"%a, %b %d \\f8/ \\f1%R")"
done < "$ff" | bar &

# pass output to pipe and print to stdout
monsterwm > "$ff"
```
---
layout: false
## 最佳拍档 

- Scripts：cpu、mem、net、wifi、bat、gmail、volume、nowplaying

```ruby
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
#
# name     : cpu, cpu information for mobar
# author   : Xu Xiaodong <xxdlhy@gmail.com>
# license  : GPL
# created  : 2012 Jul 31
# modified : 2012 Jul 31
#

def total
  stat_file = '/proc/stat'
  File.open(stat_file) do |f|
    values = f.readline.split(/\s+/)[1 .. 4].map(&:to_i)
    idle = values.last
    total = values.inject(0, &:+)
    return [idle, total]
  end
end

prev_idle, prev_total = total
sleep 0.5
cur_idle, cur_total = total
cpu = (((cur_total - prev_total) - (cur_idle - prev_idle)).to_f / (cur_total - prev_total).to_f * 100).to_i

puts "#{cpu}%"
```
---
layout: false
## 如何启动

- ~/.xinitrc

```bash
#!/bin/sh
#
# author   : Xu Xiaodong <xxdlhy@gmail.com>
# modified : 2013 Jul 23
#

#-- font --#
xset +fp /usr/share/fonts/ohsnap
xset fp rehash

#-- app --#
xmodmap ~/.xmodmaprc &      # swap Caps_Lock and Control_L
urxvtd -q -f -o             # urxvt daemon
eval $(cat ~/.fehbg)        # set wallpaper
urxvtc -e sh -c "tmuxen" &  # start tmux

#-- wm --#
exec mobar
```

- ~/.xsession

_Tip_：如果你有显示管理器，那么需用此文件代替 `.xinitrc`。
---
layout: false
## MonsterWM 用法

- 打开终端：Alt + Shift + Enter

- 启动应用：Super + v (dmenu)
---
layout: false
## MonsterWM 用法

- 切换桌面 (Tag)：Alt + F1 .. F4、Alt + Tab

![tag](img/tag.png)
---
layout: false
## MonsterWM 用法

- 窗口管理之平铺：Alt + Shift + t

[![tile-stack](img/tile-stack-thumb.png)](img/tile-stack.png)
---
layout: false
## MonsterWM 用法

- 窗口管理之底栈：Alt + Shift + b

[![bottom-stack](img/bottom-stack-thumb.png)](img/bottom-stack.png)
---
layout: false
## MonsterWM 用法

- 窗口管理之网格：Alt + Shift + g

[![grid](img/grid-thumb.png)](img/grid.png)
---
layout: false
## MonsterWM 用法

- 窗口管理之全屏：Alt + Shift + m

[![monocle](img/monocle-thumb.png)](img/monocle.png)
---
layout: false
## MonsterWM 用法

- 窗口管理之浮动：Alt + Shift + f

[![float](img/float-thumb.png)](img/float.png)
---
layout: false
## MonsterWM 用法

- 切换窗口：Alt + j、Alt + k

[![switch](img/switch-thumb.png)](img/switch.png)
---
layout: false
## MonsterWM 用法

- 交换窗口：Alt + Enter

[![swap](img/swap-thumb.png)](img/swap.png)
---
layout: false
## MonsterWM 用法

- 窗口移动之平铺：Alt + Shift + j、Alt + Shift + k

[![move](img/move-thumb.png)](img/move.png)
---
layout: false
## MonsterWM 用法

- 窗口移动之浮动：Super + h, j, k, l

[![float](img/move-float-thumb.png)](img/move-float.png)
---
layout: false
## MonsterWM 用法

- 窗口移动之桌面：Alt + Shift + F1 .. F4

[![desk](img/move-desk-thumb.png)](img/move-desk.png)
---
layout: false
## MonsterWM 用法

- 调整窗口之平铺：Alt + l、Alt + h、Alt + o、Alt + p

[![size](img/size-tile-thumb.png)](img/size-tile.png)
---
layout: false
## MonsterWM 用法

- 调整窗口之浮动：Super + Shift + h, j, k, l

[![size](img/size-float-thumb.png)](img/size-float.png)
---
layout: false
## MonsterWM 用法

- 关闭窗口：Alt + Shift + c

[![gui](img/gui-thumb.png)](img/gui.png)
---
layout: false
## 资源链接

- MonsterWM 源码：https://github.com/c00kiemon5ter/monsterwm

- Bar 源码：https://github.com/LemonBoy/bar

- Dmenu 官网：http://tools.suckless.org/dmenu

- Feh 官网：http://feh.finalrewind.org

- 各种脚本：https://github.com/xuxiaodong/bin

- 讨论：https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=132122

- 幻灯源码、所用配置及脚本：https://github.com/xuxiaodong/mwm-slide
---
template: inverse

## Q & A 
---
template: inverse

## 谢谢大家！
MonsterWM兼谈 Linux 桌面最小化及定制

CATALOG

FEATURED TAGS

Things I Love Most
